Glossary :

Anadromous
Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, e.g. salmon.
Axil
Usually used in reference to the underside of the pectoral fin toward the base; homologous to the armpit of man.
Benthopelagic
Living and feeding near the bottom as well as in midwaters or near the surface.
Catadromous
Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g. eels.
Ciguatera
Ciguatera fish poisoning is a chemical food intoxication caused by consumption of fish containing ciguatoxin
Demersal
Living on or near the bottom and feeding on benthic organisms.
Fork length (FL)
Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays.
Hermaphroditic
Having both sexes in the same individual, either at the same time (synchronous hermaphrodite) or at different times (successive hermaphrodite). When the female form occurs first, this is referred to as protogynous hermaphroditism, otherwise protandrous hermaphroditism.
Oceanodromous
Migrating within oceans, e.g. tunas.
Oviparous
Producing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body of the female.
Ovoviviparous
Producing eggs that hatch within the maternal body; the embryos may develop to some extent before birth, but lack a placental attachment.
Pelagic

Living and feeding in the open sea; associated with the surface or middle depths of a body of water; free swimming in the seas, oceans or open waters; not in association with the bottom.
Reef-associated
Living and feeding on or near coral reefs and rocky reefs.
Standard length (SL)
The length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the caudal peduncle, excluding the caudal fin.
Total length (TL)
The length of a fish from the front of jaw to the end of the longest caudal ray, but excluding caudal filaments.
Traumatogenic
Causing an injury; e.g., sharks that have been reported to attack humans.
Venomous
Capable of producing a poisonous fluid that is transmitted by a bite or sting.
Viviparous
Bringing forth living (active, free-swimming) young, rather than laying eggs; producing live young from within the body of the parent female.
Widest distance Widest distance between the tips of the pectoral fins, as in skates and rays.

 

Keys to meristics:

D: dorsal fin (D1 and D2 for first and second dorsal fins)
V: ventral/pelvic fin
P: pectoral fin
A: anal fin
C: caudal fin
GR: number of gill rakers on first gill arch
LL: number of scales on lateral line
Vert: number of vertebrae

Fin spines (non-segmented hard fin rays) are indicated by upper case Roman numbers; soft rays (segmented) are indicated by Arabic numbers.

Example: Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper)
Meristic: D. X, 18; A. III, 9; P. 17; GR. 4+8 = 12 ; Vert. 24 ; LL. 54-62
Dorsal fin with 10 spines and 18 soft rays; anal fin with 3 spines and 9 soft rays; pectoral fin with 17 rays; first gill arch with 12 rakers (upper 4 + lower 8); with 24 vertebrae; lateral line with 54-62 scales.