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Damages caused by red tide / HAB
Red tides / HABs cause millions of dollars in damage and losses to aquaculture industry each year all over the world. There are some examples:
Overseas:
Case 1
About US$70 million loss in cultured yellowtail in Japan caused by Chattonella spp. in 1972.
Case 2
Estimated total number of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) cases and deaths from Southeast Asia are 3,226 and 196 respectively from 1976 –1998.
Case 3
More than US$ 35 million loss in salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, U.S.A., caused by Heterosigma akashiwo and Chaetoceros sp. from 1980s to 1990s.
Case 4
About Php100 million with 2,000 tons of cultured milkfish and 10 tons of reef fishes loss in Philippines caused by Prorocentrum minimum and Cochlodinium polykrikoides in 2002.
Hong Kong:
Case 1
HK $ 716,000 and about 10 tonnes cultured fish loss in Hong Kong caused by Gymnodinium sp. in 1982.
Case 2
Confiscation of shellfish from markets: Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins exceeding the regulatory limit were detected from mussel samples in relation to the bloom caused by Alexandrium catenella in 1989.
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Alexandrium catenella
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Case 3
Most of local marine fish-farms were affected by the massive outbreak of Karenia digitata red tide in 1998 and severe damages and loss of fish were resulted.
Case 4
Nine fish chulture zones in Tolo Harbour, Long Harbour and northeastern waters were affected by the bloom of Karenia mikimotoi in 2015, resulting substantial loss of cultured fish.
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